```dataview list without id file.inlinks where file.name = this.file.name ``` --- creation date: 2024-09-24 18:39 modification date: Tuesday 24th September 2024 18:39:31 --- Youtube: Childhood Bullying - Targetted - Intentional - Repeated Cyber-Bullying # Moral Reasoning - Jean Piaget ## From 6-7 Moral Realism, rules to follow ## From 8 Moral Relativism - rules can be adjusted after social agreement # Kohlberg’s stages of moral development ## Stage 1 - Avoid Punishment Obedience and punishment orientation - Authoritarian in nature Blind egoism: only self and norm are recognized ## Stage 2 - Aiming for Reward *What is in it for me?* Self-interest orientation Instrumental Egoism: if I’m good will daddy buy me icecream? ## Stage 3 - Good boy / girl attitude Self-social role, interpersonal accord and conformity Social relationship perspective ## Stage 4 - Loyalty to Law and Order Maintenance of a functioning society Authority and Social order maintaining orientation Social System Perspective ## Stage 5 - Justice and the spirit of the law Individuality Social contract orientation Contract Perspective ## Stage 6 - Universal Ethical Principle Laws are valid only when they are fair, and unjust laws can and should be disobeyed # Parental Style ![[IMG_0812-20240924.png]] *Responsive: From the child Demandingness: To the child ## Authoritative High responsive + Demandingness General considered the best type of parental style ## Authoritarian Low responsiveness | High demandingness - Rigid - Forceful - Tend to use punishment - Limited warmth - Typical Chinese family ## Permissive - Give a lot - Doesn’t demand much - ## Uninvolved - Parents don’t really care - Absent - Neglectful *If the parents are in a bad relationship and both show Authoritarian styles, but in different ways, the child will be very confused* # Theories of social and emotional development ## Bandura’s Bobodoll experiment Social learning theories through social observation *Reciprocal Determinism* - See if violent behavior would follow, where the adult punches a doll, and see if the kid repeats the behavior - And they realize kids will repeat Iimitation of rolemodels. - if the kid sees no one will punish the adult for the bobodoll, then the kid will do the same. ## Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Social interaction - Scaffolding - a framework for coaching, modeling, and guidance - Zone of proximal development - practice in the reality / in different context *stepping out of comfort zones and testing context* - Cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society Transmission of culture - Values, beliefs, customs and skills, etc… # Core Components of Emotional Development in MIddle Childhood ## Emotion-centered coping - I feel happy - I feel sad - Whatever happens, the reaction is driven by feelings ## Problem-centered coping Pre-requisites *Emotional Understanding - Self empathy* *Emotional Self Regulation - Self control* - Why do I feel sad? - Why do I feel happy? - What is the cause of my feelings # Crisis *Events both traumatic and unexpected cause stress and anxiety* - Separation - Divorce - Domestic Violence - Hospitalization - the kid becomes sick - Moving to a new house/environment Affects all aspects of development. ![[IMG_0813-20240924.png]] Families sometimes don’t want schools to know about issues their child is facing. ie. bad schools, reputation (eg. doesn’t want school to know their child has special needs), or that only some teachers will follow the guidance of counselors. Look for resources and support on the societal level.